东北黑土区玉米秸秆还田对土壤肥力及作物产量的影响

Effects of maize straw incorporation on soil fertility and crop production in the black soil region of Northeast China

东北黑土区是我国重要的优质商品粮生产基地,在保障国家粮食安全中起着重要的作用。但是黑土开垦以来,由于高强度利用和不合理耕作出现了土壤肥力下降,理化性质恶化,水土流失严重和生态环境脆弱等一系列问题,已经成为影响粮食安全保障的潜在威胁。秸秆还田是一项能够提高土壤肥力、改善土壤物理性质和提高微生物活性的农业管理措施,但是也有研究发现秸秆还田对作物产量有一些负面的影响。本文综述了东北黑土区进行秸秆还田对土壤物理性质、有机质及养分含量、微生物活性和作物产量的影响,旨在为该区域内秸秆还田应用提供理论支撑。

The black soil region in Northern China is the high quality commodity grain production base.However,the high intensity utilization and unreasonable tillage practices have resulted in the reduction in soil fertility,degradation in soil physical properties,soil and water losses,and fragility in ecological environment,which potentially threatens the grain security.Straw incorporation is an agronomic practice in enhancing soil fertility,improving soil physical properties and microbial activities,while several literature have reported the negative impact of straw incorporation on crop yield.This paper reviews researches relevant to the effects of straw incorporation on soil nutrients contents,soil organic carbon,soil physical properties and crop yields in black soil region of Northeast China,which will shed an insight for straw incorporation at regional scale.