不同林分密度原始红松林枯落物和土壤的持水特性

Water-holding Characteristics of Litter and Soil of Original Korean Pine Forests Stands with Different Densities

为探讨林分密度对原始红松林水源涵养功能的影响,本文采用室内浸水和环刀浸泡法,研究丰林保护区内不同密度原始红松林枯落物和土壤的持水量差异。结果表明:①枯落物厚度为2.37~5.10 cm,枯落物储量为10.10~13.96 t/hm^2,枯落物层有效拦蓄量为3.81~9.66 t/hm^2。枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系(R 2>0.9306),吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系(R 2>0.9995)。未分解层厚度、储量、自然含水量、吸水速率低于半分解层,有效拦蓄量高于半分解层。②土壤容重(0~30 cm)为0.78~0.90 g/cm 3,土壤有效持水量为229.70~441.57 t/hm^2,土壤总孔隙度随土层加深而降低。③180株/hm^2和360株/hm^2的林分枯落物层有效拦蓄量、土壤层有效持水量均显著高于80株/hm^2的林分(p<0.05)。180株/hm^2的林分地表层最大持水量显著高于360株/hm^2的林分(p<0.05),有效持水量显著高于80株/hm^2的林分(p<0.05)。综上,研究区内密度为180株/hm^2的原始红松林水源涵养功能最强。

In order to explore the impacts of stand density on the hydrological functions of original Korean pine forests stands,the water-holding characteristics of litter layer and soil layer of forest in Fenglin Nature Reserve were surveyed by using soaking method and cutting ring method.The results showed that:(1)The litter thickness was 2.37~5.10 cm,and the litter storage was 10.10~13.96 t/hm^2,the effective water interception capacity was at range of 3.81~9.66 t/hm^2.The water-hold ing capacity of litter had a logarithmic relation with soaking time(R 2>0.9306),and water absorption rate showed a power function with soaking time(R 2>0.9995).The thickness and storage,natural water-holding capacity and water absorption rate of un-decomposed layer were lower than those of semi-decomposed layer,while the effective water interception capacity was higher.(2)Soil bulk density was 0.78~0.90 g/cm 3,soil effective water-holding capacity was 229.70~441.57 t/hm^2.With the deepening of the soil(0~30 cm),soil total porosity was decreased.(3)The effective water interception capacity of litter layer of 180 plants/hm^2 and 360 plants/hm^2 stands were significantly higher than that of 80 plants/hm^2 stands(p<0.05).The total maximum water-holding capacity of 180 plants/hm^2 was significantly higher than that of 360 plants/hm^2(p<0.05),and the total effective water-holding capacity was significantly higher than that of 80 plants/hm^2(p<0.05).The comprehensive results showed that the water conservation function of original Korean pine forest with a density of 180 plants/hm^2 was the best.