吉林省辽河流域土地利用类型演变过程研究

Study on the Evolution Process of Land Use Types in Liaohe River Basin of Jilin Province

为准确了解吉林省辽河流域土地利用变化趋势,提供土地可持续利用及生态恢复技术的基础数据,本研究通过对吉林省内9个市、县(区)林业、国土、水利、测绘、农委和气象等部门的矢量数据和地方史志等基础资料收集,并检索了相关文献、标准和技术规程(规范),同时结合实地踏查,分别采用遥感影像分类和土地利用现状归类两种方法对辽河流域不同时期的土地利用现状进行处理、分析和研判。结果表明:1970s(20世纪70年代)辽河流域主要土地利用类型以耕地、草地、沼泽为主,自1970s—2016年近50 a间,吉林省辽河流域范围内沼泽湿地、草地面积大幅度减少,耕地、居民建设用地面积大幅度增加,林地、水田和水体面积稍有增加。土地利用逐渐转为耕地、居民建设用地等人工干预较强的土地利用类型,尤其以居民建设用地增加幅度最大。流域流经的中西部城市四平、梨树及双辽等地区,其草地、沼泽等土地利用类型急剧减少,耕地、居民用地及人工林面积不断增加已成为主要发展趋势,而东南部的辽源地区则表现为天然林减少,耕地、居民用地不断增加的趋势。

In order to accurately understand the land use change trend in the Liaohe River Basin of Jilin Province,and provide basic data for sustainable land use and ecological restoration technologies,this study collected basic data such as vector data and local history records of forestry,land,water conservancy,surveying and mapping,agriculture committee,meteorology and other departments in 9 cities and counties(districts)in Jilin Province,and retrieved relevant literature,standards,technical procedures(specifications),at the same time,combined with on-the-spot investigation,then the methods of remote sensing image classification and land use status classification were used to treat,analyze and judge the land use status in different periods in the Liaohe River Basin.The results showed,the main land use types in the Liaohe River Basin in 1970s were mainly arable land,grassland and swamp,in the nearly 50 years from 1970s to 2016,the area of swamp wetlands and grassland in the Liaohe River Basin of Jilin Province had been greatly reduced,the area of arable land and residents’construction land had increased significantly,and the area of wood land,paddy fields and water bodies had increased slightly.Land use had gradually been converted to land use types such as arable land and residential construction land,which had strong manual intervention,especially for the increase in residential construction land.In the central and western cities of Siping,Lishu and Shuangliao,the land use types of grassland and swamp had been drastically reduced,the increasing area of arable land,residential land and plantation forest had become a major development trend,while the Liaoyuan area in the southeastern part,it showed that natural forests were decreasing,and the arable land and residential land were increasing.