南充市城区学龄前儿童视力和屈光不正现状

Current status of vision acuity and ametropia of preschool children in urban area of Nanchong

目的:了解四川南充市城区4~7岁幼儿园儿童的视力和屈光状态,为弱视和近视防控提供基本信息和科学依据。方法:对南充市城区4~7岁幼儿园儿童进行了裸眼视力和屈光筛查。以等效球镜度来定义近视和远视,近视定义为等效球镜度(SE)≤-1.00 D,远视定义为SE≥+2.00 D,散光被定义为柱镜度数≤-1.00 D。裸眼远视力小于等于同龄儿童正常参考值下限被定义为视力不良。结果:共有740名儿童完成了测试,其中,男性372名(49.4%),女性368名(50.6%);平均年龄为(5.42±0.53)岁。482只(32.6%)眼视力不良,进一步检查针孔视力,其中448只眼(92.9%)针孔视力有所改善。SE的范围是-6.375^+5.250 D。184(24.86%)名儿童诊断为屈光不正。近视、远视和散光的患病率分别为13.78%(n=102),9.73%(n=72)和17.30%(n=128)。在配戴有眼镜的学生中(n=25),有32%(n=8)的人没戴镜到校,另外48%(n=12)戴镜视力仍然低于正常。左右眼之间的SE高度相关(相关系数r=0.876,P=0.001)。角膜曲率半径和SE值在男生和女生之间有差异。结论:南充城区的学龄前期儿童视力不良率较高,并具有较高的近视患病率,需要加强眼保健的宣教、常规视力检测和屈光状态筛查工作,建立并不断完善学龄前儿童初级眼保健系统。

Objective:To investigate the visual acuity and refractive status of 4-7-year-old preschool children in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province,and to provide a basic information and scientific basis for the prevention and control of amblyopia and myopia.Methods:Children aged 4-7 years in Nanchong City were performed for uncorrected visual acuity and refraction.Equivalent spherical power(SE)was used to define emetropia,myopia and hypero.Myopia was defined as SE≦-1.00 D,hyperopia was defined as SE≧+2.00 D,and astigmatism was defined as cylindrical diopters≤-1.00D.Naked distance visual acuity less than or equal to the lower limit of the normal reference value for children of the same age was defined as poor vision.Results:A total of 740 children completed the test,372 boys(49.4%)and 368 girls(50.6%).The mean age was 5.42±0.53 years.482 eyes(32.6%)had poor visual acuity,pinhole vision acuity was further examined.Among them,448 eyes(92.9%)had improved vision.The range of SE was-6.375^+5.250D.A total of 184 children had refractive error,giving a prevalence of 24.86%.The overall prevalence of myopia,hyperopia and astigmatism was 13.78%(n=102),9.73%(n=72)and 17.30%(n=128),respectively.Among students with glasses(n=25),32%(n=8)did not wear glasses to school,and another 48%(n=12)had a reduced visual acuity even with their glasses.There was a high correlation of SE between left and right eyes(correlation coefficient r=0.876,P=0.001).The corneal curvature radius and SE value were different between boys and girls.Conclusion:There is a high prevalence of poor vision and myopia among preschool children in the urban area of Nanchong.It is necessary to strengthen the education of eye care,routine vision acuity test,refractive status screening,and establish and continuously improve primary eye care system for preschool children.