中国省际知识聚合的测度及其对区域创新能力的影响研究

Research on the measurement of provincial knowledge aggregation and its effect on regional innovation capability in China

为深入分析知识聚合对区域创新能力的影响机理,从自有知识和知识流动两个方面构建知识聚合测度指标体系,以2009-2015年中国30个省(市、自治区)的面板数据为样本,运用永续盘存法和熵权法对知识聚合进行测度;在此基础上,实证考察了知识聚合对区域创新能力的影响及其区域差异。结果表明:中国省际知识聚合大致呈现一种东高西低的非均衡态势,四大区域间差异明显,且伴有扩大趋势;在控制了研发经费投入强度、政府支持程度和区域创新机构数等条件下,省际知识聚合对总体区域创新能力具有显著的正向影响,而对分区域创新能力影响存在明显的区域差异,其中,中部地区知识聚合较西部地区知识聚合对区域创新能力的提升作用更大,东北地区知识聚合对区域创新能力具有抑制作用,东部地区知识聚合影响不显著;自有知识对区域创新能力的促进作用大于知识流动,且二者在影响区域创新过程中存在着显著的“互斥效应”。

At present,China's economic development has entered the"new normal"and faces many problems,such as technological innovation upgrading,resource and environment constraints,and regional disparities.It must rely on innovation to achieve sustainable economic development.From a practical perspective,knowledge aggregation is an important model for promoting local innovation capability.This paper takes 30 regions in China during 2009-2015 as the research object and analyzes the influence mechanism of knowledge aggregation on regional innovation capability deeply.It is specially divided into the following three parts.Firstly,this paper constructs the measure index system of knowledge aggregation from two aspects of self-owned knowledge and knowledge flow.Among them,the self-owned knowledge part is represented by the R&D capital stock,and the knowledge flow part is represented by inter-regional knowledge flow and inter-national knowledge flow.Moreover,inter-regional knowledge flow is composed of industry-university-research cooperation and transaction value in technical markets by region.Inter-national knowledge flow is composed of international technology import and foreign direct investment(FDI).This paper uses a perpetual inventory method and entropy weight method to measure knowledge aggregation among provinces in China. Then it uses the simple arithmeticaverage method to calculate knowledge aggregation in four regions and the country. The results show that China's knowledge aggregation presents anunbalanced situation of East High and West Low. The difference in knowledge aggregation between the four regions is noticeable, and the trend is expanding.The development trend of self-owned knowledge and knowledge flow among provinces is the same. There is a large gap between self-owned knowledge andknowledge flow among provinces.Secondly, this paper selects R&D expenditure input intensity, government support, and the number of regional innovation institutions as control variables,and empirically analyzes the influence of knowledge aggregation on regional innovation capability under different control factors. On this basis, taking thecentral region as a reference sample, three regional control dummy variables (East, West, and Northeast) are introduced to explore further the regionaldifferences in the impact of knowledge aggregation on regional innovation capability. Besides, this paper goes deep into the internal knowledge aggregation. Itexplores the different effects between self-owned knowledge and knowledge flow on regional innovation capability, and whether there is some interactionbetween the two in the process of influencing regional innovation. First, the overall analysis shows that under the condition that R&D expenditure inputintensity, government support, and the number of regional innovation institutions, knowledge aggregation can promote regional innovation capability. R&Dexpenditure input intensity, government support, and the number of regional innovation institutions also have a marked effect on regional innovation capability.Second, the comparative analysis of the sub-regions shows that there exists an obvious regional difference in the impact of knowledge aggregation on regionalinnovation capability. On the one hand, knowledge aggregation in the central region has the most significant impact on regional innovation capacity, followedby the eastern region and western region, and the northeast is the smallest. On the other hand, the effect of the west and central regions on regional innovationcapability is significantly positive. The impact of the Northeast region on regional innovation capacity is significantly negative. The effect of the eastern regionon regional innovation capacity is not significant. Third, self-owned knowledge promotes regional innovation capability more than knowledge flow, and there isa significant "mutually exclusive effect" between them in the process of influencing regional innovation.Finally, the corresponding optimization countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the research results. (1) All regions should attach importance tothe promotion of knowledge aggregation to regional innovation ability, increase the total amount of knowledge aggregation, and improve the level ofknowledge aggregation, and shorten the regional disparity. (2) The four regions can set up and improve their knowledge aggregation driven innovationmechanism according to local conditions. (3) Each region should establish the important position of self-owned knowledge innovation drive, improve theregional digestion and absorption capacity, and promote the effective convergence of self-owned knowledge and knowledge flow.