论早期中国戏剧形式中的宗教色彩

On the Religious Color in the Form of Early Chinese Drama

我国早期戏剧表演形式的产生,脱胎于原始宗教的祭祀歌舞仪式。巫文化中的歌舞、表演与故事情节已经初步具备了戏剧的各项要素。随着原始祭祀仪式的分化与功能的固定,产生了专为驱疫逐鬼而举行的傩仪,傩戏便是由此仪典逐渐演化而来,并且在发展中融入了佛、道因素的戏剧形式。傀儡戏中也存在着各种宗教元素的渗透,"傀儡"作为沟通人、神、鬼三界的媒介,在民众心中是如"活佛""活菩萨"一般的存在,这使得傀儡戏舞台也成为人们进行宗教祭仪的道场。百戏表演受不同时代环境影响,其表演形式与内容中也不断融入宗教元素。

The early Chinese drama has a strong religious consciousness and color.The form of ancient Chinese drama performance originated from the ritual of sacrificial singing and dancing in primitive religion.The singing and dancing,performance and story of witchcraft culture have all the elements of drama.With the differentiation of the original sacrificial ceremony and the fixation of its function,there was a Nuo ceremony specially held for the purpose of expelling epidemic diseases and ghosts.The Nuo opera came from the ritual gradually and incorporated the factors of Buddhism and Taoism into its development.There are also infiltration of various religious elements in the puppet play where the"puppet"as a connecting medium between people,gods and ghosts,is like a"living Buddha"or a"living Bodhisattva"in people’s minds,which makes the puppet play stage become a place for people’s religious worship.In the early stage of Chinese drama,the performance of baixi(acrobatics)was influenced by the environment of different times,and its performance form and content were constantly integrated with religious elements.