国家权力过度“下沉”的结果与反思:基于我国乡村治理体制的回顾

The Result and Reflection of State Power Excessive"Sinking"Based on the Review of Rural Governance System in China

新中国成立后,国家权力渗透乡村,经历了“进场、膨胀、收缩、回归”,形式是“往复”,实质是“持续下沉”.“后税费时代”,通过“先上收,后集中使用”方式,国家权力强势嵌入,导致基层政权“上浮”,村民自治组织“行政化”,乡村自治式微.国家与社会形式上粘合,实质上脱嵌,对国家权力过度依赖导致的治理成本和治理风险加大严重制约乡村善治.必须完善法治,约束国家权力,培育壮大乡村社会力量,逐步构建起“国家-乡村精英-村民”良性互动的具有足够韧性的乡村治理体制.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China,state power penetrated the countryside and experienced"entry,expansion,contraction and return",with the form of"reciprocation"but the essence of"continuous subsidence".In the"post-tax era",through the method of"collecting first,then centralized use",the state power is strongly embedded,leading to the"rise"of the grass-roots political power,the"administration"of the villagers' autonomous organizations,and the decline of the rural autonomy.The government and the society are bound tn form but separated in essence.The tncrease in governance costs and risks caused by excessive dependence on state power seriously restricts good governance in rural areas.It is necessary to improve the rule of law,restrain state power,cultivate and strengthen rural social forces,and gradually build a rural governance system with sufficient resilience for the benign interaction of"state-rural elite-villagers".