合肥市城区学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的流行病学调查及影响因素分析

Epidemiological investigation and influencing factors of overweight andobesity among preschool children in Hefei city

目的了解合肥市学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的发生现状并探讨其影响因素。方法依据地理分布、办学性质、经济情况,采用分层抽样的方法抽取合肥市11所托幼机构的儿童共2 768名,通过安徽医科大学公共卫生学院自编的《学龄前儿童健康发育调查》问卷,调查学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的发生率;采用单因素分析儿童超重和肥胖的可能影响因素,通过logistic回归分析引起儿童超重和肥胖的风险因素。结果在2 755份有效问卷中,儿童超重发生率为9.22%,肥胖为4.94%,超重和肥胖发生率为14.20%;logistic回归分析显示,男童、剖宫产、父母体型偏胖和饮食口味偏油腻、偏荤菜是儿童超重和肥胖的危险因素,家庭经济状况较差、饮食行为中有时或需要喂养、不能愉快进餐、一般挑食、吃饭速度较慢是儿童超重和肥胖的保护因素。结论合肥市学龄前儿童超重、肥胖发生率较高,男童、剖宫产、父母体型偏胖及部分不良的饮食行为是引起儿童超重和肥胖的原因。

Objective To explore the current situation of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Hefei and the effect of dietary status on overweight and obesity. Methods A total of 2768 children from 11 kindergartens in Hefei were selected by the method of stratified cluster sampling. The incidence of overweight and obesity of preschool children was investigated through the questionnaire of Health and Development of Preschool Children compiled by the School of Public Health of Anhui Medical University. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of overweight and obesity in children, and Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the risk factors of overweight and obesity in children.Results Among the 2755 children surveyed, the incidence of overweight, obesity, overweight and obesity was 9.22%, 4.94%, 14.20%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that compared with normal weight children, there were significant differences in sex, age, economic status, birth weight, mode of delivery, parents’ somatotype and eating behavior(P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that boys, cesarean section, parents’ obesity and fatty diet are the risk factors of overweight and obesity in children. Poor family economic status, sometimes or need to be fed in dietary behavior, sometimes or always can not eat happily, generally picky eating, slow eating speed or generally are protective factors for overweight and obesity in children.Conclusion The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Hefei is high, but it is lower than that of some cities in China, which is related to boys, cesarean section,parents’ obesity and some bad dietary behaviors.