论“辞”“赋”意义的递变——兼论学界定义“楚辞”的偏失

The Gradual Change of the Meaning of"Ci"and"Fu":On the Deviation of the Academic Definition of"Chu Ci"

“辞”的定义经历了讼辞—解说—言辞—文辞等递变的过程。“辞”的“解说”“文辞”之分反映了古代诗歌发生、发展的两个阶段,即口传文学、文人文学阶段。“辞”“赋”兼具“文采”“文辞”等特点,被汉人连称或混用,属同文异题现象,体现出文学在从民间文学转变为文人文学的过程中方法与文体之间的混乱。注重辞、赋的文辞之美是古人的固有观念,黄伯思强调楚辞的地域特色,对于推动楚辞脱离经学的制约具有积极意义,但忽视了楚辞重铺陈、文采的事实。

The definition of"Ci"has undergone a process of change from litigation-explanation-speech-literary speech.The distinction between"explanation of Ci"and"literary speech"reflects the two stages of the occurrence and development of ancient poetry,namely,oral literature and literary literature."Ci"and"Fu"have the characteristics of"literary talent"and"dictation",which are used consecutively or mixedly by the Han people.They belong to the phenomenon of different topics in the same text,reflecting the confusion of the methods and the styles of literature changing from folk literature to literati literature.It is an inherent concept of the ancients to pay attention to the beauty of Ci and Fu.Huang Bosi emphasized the geographical characteristics of Chu Ci,which has a positive significance for promoting Chu Ci to break away from the constraints of Confucianism,but ignores the fact that Chu Ci attaches great importance to elaboration and literary grace.