外泌体在乳腺癌中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in breast cancer

外泌体是来源于细胞的脂质微型囊泡,其含有多种的蛋白质、核酸、脂质等物质。细胞通过分泌外泌体,将这些物质运输到靶细胞,从而影响靶细胞的生物学活性。在过去的十几年中,大量研究显示外泌体不仅能影响主要的肿瘤相关信号通路,如Wnt信号通路,还能在肿瘤微环境中影响癌症干细胞、癌症的血管生成以及癌症的转移等多个方面。因而,外泌体在临床诊断、应用治疗方面存在重大潜在价值,可能成为乳腺癌早期诊断、疗效检测、预后判断、药物传递的重要载体。

Exosomes are lipid microvesicles derived from cells,which contain a variety of proteins,nucleic acids,lipids and other substances.Cells secrete exosomes to transport these substances to target cells,thereby affecting the biological activity of target cells.In the past ten years,a large number of studies have shown that exosomes can not only affect the main tumor-related signal pathways,such as the Wnt signaling pathway,but also affect tumor stem cells,tumor angiogenesis,and tumor metastasis in the tumor microenvironment.Therefore,exosomes have great potential value in clinical diagnosis and applied treatment,and may become an important carrier for early diagnosis,curative effect detection,prognosis judgment,and drug delivery of breast cancer.