公平竞争审查例外制度的法理解析

The Jurisprudential Analysis of The Exception System to The Fair Competition Examination

我国公平竞争审查制度在规范构造方面采取了“常规+例外”的文本体例,也就是在常规制度之外引入了相应的例外制度。就基本意涵而言,公平竞争审查例外制度指涉的是审查主体在实施公平竞争审查过程中,经审查后发现某些政策措施具有排除限制竞争的效果,但是基于法律特别规定的情形考量,而最终允许其得以实施的情形。公平竞争审查例外制度在构成要件方面主要涵括实体性要件与程序性要件两大部分的内容。在与反垄断法相关制度的区分方面,公平竞争审查例外制度与反垄断法适用除外制度以及反垄断法豁免制度之间既有其内在一致性,也存在着较大的差异性。准确认知公平竞争审查例外制度的法律属性,可从常规制度普遍性的限定维度、特定公共政策的合法化维度以及政府限制竞争行为的责任豁免维度加以全面把握。

China's fair competition review syst em adopts the text style of"principle+exception"in terms of normative construction,that is,introducing the corresponding exception system in addition to the principle system.As far as the basic meaning is concerned,the exception system to the fair competition review refers to the situation in which the review subject fi nds that some policy measures have the effect of excluding and restricting competition in the process of carrying out fair competition review,but based on the consideration of the situation specially sti pulated by law,it is finally allowed to be implemented.The exception system to the fair competition review mainly includes two parts:substantive and procedural elements.In terms of the distinction between the system related to the anti-monopoly law,the exception system to the fair competition review,the exception system of the application of the anti-monopoly law and the exemption system of the anti-monopoly law have both internal consistency and great dif ference.The accurate recognition of the legal attribute of the exception system to the fair competition review can be comprehensively grasped from the limited dimension of the universality of the c onventional system,the legalization dimension of the specific public policy and the responsibility exemption dimension of the government's restriction of competition behavior.