汉代教化传播初探

A Preliminary Study on the Propagation of Enlightenment in Han Dynasty

中国古代的教化中,“教”占主导地位,“化”是教的结果,在教的基础上统治阶级将其思想、意识、行为浸润和渗透,潜移默化地传播到全社会,以形成统一的社会价值观。因此,教化是中国古代统治阶级传播政治思想、实现社会规范的主要方式之一。汉代教化传播的主体,由皇帝、官员和三老等组成,他们在不同的科层官僚机构中扮演不同的传播角色,承担不同的传播职能,利用官学、私学、家学等传播渠道,将以孝弟为主的伦理道德和以农桑为本的经济思想等传播至天下,以利于形成尊卑有序、上下和谐的社会秩序和强本重农、国富民安的经济环境,从而对巩固和维护封建政权,传承政治文化及稳定社会秩序产生了积极的影响。

In the indoctrination of ancient China,“education”was in the dominant position,and“transformation”was the result of it.On the basis of education,the ruling class infiltrated thoughts,consciousness and behaviors,and subtly spread them to the whole society,and finally formed a uni⁃fied social value system.Therefore,indoctrination was the main way for the ancient ruling class to spread political thoughts and achieve social norms.The emperor,officials and Sanlao comprised the main body of the dissemination of indoctrination in Han dynasty.They played different roles and un⁃dertook different transmission functions in different bureaucratic hierarchy institutions.They spread the ethic of filial piety and economic thoughts based on agriculture to the whole country by official,private and family schools,and finally formed a harmonious social order of superiority and inferiority as well as a strong economic environment that focused on agriculture and the prosperity of the country and the security of the people.The above measures made a positive influence on consolidating and pr⁃eservating the power,inheriting political cultures and stabilizing the social order.