美育建设的价值逻辑与实践路径——从“五育融合”谈起

Aesthetic Education:Values and Approaches——Starting from the Integration of the Five Ways of Life

纵观中外教育发展史,受教育者的核心素养,尤其是审美素养的培养一直是教育领域跨时代、跨国界的论题。德智体美劳全面发展是新时代教育变革与人才培养的基本要求。但由于受应试教育体制及“唯分数”评价体制的钳制,“五育”常常被分裂且发展不均衡,“美育”更是被弱化。培育“五育”全面发展的人才,应以“五育融合”为出发点,以哲学“主体间性”理论、心理学“具身认知”理论、美学“人生艺术化”理论为研究基础,以“以美育美”“以美育人”“以美促教”“以美创新”为学校美育建设的现实任务,通过健全美育治理体制与评估体系、建立立体化的审美教育系统、创建育美于校的校园文化、开展线上线下美育实践活动、探索美育实验区建设等路径,构建符合时代特色和本土化特征的学校美育建设体系,从而推进美育建设的新样态。

Throughout the history of education,the cultivation of the core competency,especially the aesthetic well-being,has always been a topic of cross-era and cross-border value.The all-round development of morality,intelligence,physical fitness,aesthetic senses and techniques and attitudes of labor is the basic requirement of the educational reform and personnel training in the new era.However,due to the restraint of the exam-oriented education system and the"scores-only"evaluation system,the"five ways of life"are often disintegrated and developed unevenly.To make it worse,the aesthetic education is often neglected or weakened.To educate people with comprehensive development of the"five ways of life,"we should start from the"integration of the five ways of life,"base our research on the"intersubjectivity"theory of philosophy,the"embodied cognition"theory of psychology and the"artistic life"theory of aesthetics.Aesthetic education should be made to cultivate aesthetic senses,build character and morality,promote teaching and inspire creativity.Approaches include:improving the aesthetic education management system and evaluation system,establishing a three-dimensional aesthetic education system,creating a campus culture of aesthetic education,carrying out online and offline practical activities of aesthetic education,and exploring the construction of aesthetic education experimental areas.