哈里斯的黑格尔主义教育哲学及其历史影响

Harris'Hegelian Educational Philosophy and its Historical Influence

威廉·托里·哈里斯的教育哲学是对黑格尔教育哲学的继承,也与特定社会环境及他的教育实践经历密不可分。哈里斯在运用黑格尔思辨哲学和考察美国社会实践的基础上,分别指出了教育、学校和公立学校的社会性意义,并从课程取向、道德塑造、宗教问题和民族情感等方面对公立初等学校教育的开展进行了深入探讨。同时,哈里斯还提出了“自我疏离”与“自我活动”观点,以指导公立初等学校更加有效地开展工作。作为美国教育哲学的早期引路人,他极大地丰富了黑格尔教育哲学的内涵,并为之后美国教育哲学的发展作出了有益贡献。作为教育领导者,他的教育哲学在其改革公立初等学校时得到了有效运用,并取得了公认的成就。尽管他的教育哲学由于“保守”这一固有属性而遭到了后来者的批判,但从当时他对公立初等学校的改革效果看是具备合理性和可行性的。此外,探究哈里斯的黑格尔主义教育哲学对当前我国的教育发展也具有一定的现实意义。

The educational philosophy of William Torrey Harris(1835-1909)was inherited from Hegel's philosophy,and it was also inseparable from the specific social environment and his educational practice.Harris pointed out the social significance of education,schools and public schools on the basis of Hegel's speculative philosophy and the reality of American society.In addition,he made an in-depth discussion on the development of public primary education from the aspects of curriculum orientation,moral shaping,religious issues and national sentiments.He also put forward"self-estrangement"and"self-activity"to guide public elementary schools to work more effectively.As an early guide of American educational philosophy,he greatly enriched the connotation of Hegel's educational philosophy and made beneficial contributions to the development of American educational philosophy;while as an education leader,he effectively applied his educational philosophy in his reform of public elementary schools and made recognized achievements.Although his philosophy of education was criticized by the later generations for its inherent"conservative"nature,it was reasonable and feasible from the perspective of the effect of his reform.It is still of practical significance to explore Harris'Hegelian educational philosophy.