人匮财乏:平教总会卫生教育的破冰之旅

Personnel Shortage and Funding Deficiency:The Ice-Breaking Journey of the Health Education by Chinese National Association of the Mass Education Movement

全国平民教育促进会以河北定县为平民教育实验区,进行了一场长达10年之久影响世界的平民教育实验,推行包括卫生健康教育在内的平民教育。在人财两无的情况下,从定县农民的食品、衣服、住房和其他普通卫生与健康状况四方面进行卫生健康状况调查为入手办法,找到了这四方面的问题导致定县平民“弱”的病根。平教会消除“弱”的办法是运用社会式、学校式和家庭式三大教育方式,全面推行卫生健康教育。使得定县农民普遍接受了新的医学观念,打破了迷信陋俗;首次建立起以县为单位的卫生健康系统;提出了预防为主的卫生健康教育理念。平教总会卫生教育之旅于今而言,依然具有重要意义,但同时也存在忽略中医药和心理健康教育的缺失。

Taking Dingxian County,Hebei Province,as the experimental area,the Chinese National Association of the Mass Education Movement carried out a 10-year-long mass education experiment that affected the world,pushing forward mass education,health education included.Though lack of personnel and funding,they conducted a survey on the health conditions of farmers in Dingxian County from four aspects:food,clothes,housing and other general health conditions,wherein they found problems that caused the"weakness"of the population in Dingxian County.To eliminate the"weakness",they carried out health education by way of society,school and family education.The farmers in Dingxian County generally accepted the new medical concept and broke away from superstition and the vulgar customs.They established a county-level health system for the first time and put forward the concept of prevention-first health education.The ice-breaking journey of the health education by the Chinese National Association of the Mass Education Movement is still of great significance for China today,but there are also some defects,such as neglecting Chinese medicine and mental health education.