政策工具视角下我国校园欺凌防治政策研究

Research on School Bullying Prevention Policy from the Perspective of Policy Tools

为了应对不断出现的校园欺凌事件,我国从2016年开始出台一系列校园欺凌防治政策。通过构建政策分析的二维框架,对政策文本进行编码、统计和比较分析,发现我国校园欺凌防治政策在政策工具的使用上呈现出多样化的特点,但是各类政策工具的使用比例严重不均,思想引导与职责划分等政策供给相对不足,政策工具的应用偏向短期效应。在今后校园欺凌防治政策推进过程中,建议优化政策工具结构,适当降低权威型工具的比重,同时增加系统变革工具、象征与劝诫工具、激励型工具的使用比例;加强思想引导、职责划分等环节的政策工具投入,让学生、家长、教师充分认识校园欺凌的严重性,并且对学校管理者进行明确的职责划分;政策工具的使用要兼顾长远效益,通过能力建设工具来获取长期回报,通过系统变革工具来建立健全相关制度。

In order to cope with the increasing incidents of school bullying,China has issued a series of school bullying prevention policies since 2016.By constructing a two-dimensional framework for policy analysis,coding,statistics and comparative analysis of policy texts,this research has found that China s school bullying prevention and control policies have diversified characteristics in the use of policy tools,but the proportion of policy tools used in the current policy of preventing and curing school bullying in China is seriously uneven.The supply of policy tools such as ideological guidance and responsibility division is relatively insufficient,and the application of policy tools is biased towards short-term benefits.As a result,we suggest that government should optimize the structure of policy tools,appropriately reduce the proportion of authoritative tools,increase the proportion of systematic reform tools,symbol and exhortation tools as well as incentive tools.Strengthen the investment of policy tools in ideological guidance and responsibility division so that students,parents and teachers can fully understand the severity of campus bullying.The use of policy tools should take into account long-term benefits,obtain long-term returns through capacity-building tools,and establish and improve systems through system reform tools.