2016-2019年冬春季北京东部地区不同年龄人群流行性感冒流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza among people of different ages in eastern part of Beijing in winter and spring of 2016-2019

目的对2016-2019年冬春季北京东部地区不同年龄流行性感冒(简称流感)就诊人群情况进行分析,追踪流感流行的新特点。方法采用免疫胶体金法对流感样病例(ILI)的鼻咽拭子标本进行甲型流感(简称甲流)和乙型流感(简称乙流)病毒抗原快速检测。结果男性感染甲流比例高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女性感染乙流比例明显高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄组间甲流阳性率、乙流阳性率及总阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。总阳性率两两比较,儿童组(阳性率为31.89%)高于青年组(阳性率为15.86%)和老年组(阳性率为11.31%),青年组高于老年组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组间总阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2016-2019年3年间冬春季甲流和乙流阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论北京东部地区冬春季仍以甲流为主,乙流也会在某年度冬春季暴发流行,应引起重视。性别、年龄因素是冬春季节甲流和乙流感染的影响因子。婴儿、幼儿及学龄儿童时期属流感高发人群,需重点防护。

Objective To analyze the influenza status of people of different ages in winter and spring of 2016-2019 in the eastern part of Beijing and follow up the new epidemic features of influenza.Methods The nasopharyngeal swab specimens belonging to Influenza-like illness(ILI)were rapidly detected for influenza A/B virus antigen by immune colloidal gold method.Results The positive rate of influenza A infection in males was higher than that in females,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The positive rate of influenza B infection in females was significantly higher than that of males,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of influenza A,B and total positive rates among different age groups(P<0.05).The total positive rate in children group(31.89%)was higher than those in young group(15.86%)and elderly group(11.31%),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was significant difference in the total positive rate among the three groups(P<0.05).The positive rates of influenza A,B in winter and spring of 2016-2019 were significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion Influenza A is still the main type of influenza infection in winter and spring in eastern part of Beijing.Influenza B will also break out in winter and spring in a certain year,which should be paid attention to.Gender and age are the influencing factors of influenza A and B infection in winter and spring.Infants,young children and school-age children are at high risk of influenza and need to be protected.