商业模式二次创新和制度环境共演的过程与机制:基于支付宝发展历程的纵向案例研究

The Process and Mechanism of the Co-evolution of Secondary Business Model Innovation and Institutional Environment--A Longitudinal Case Study Based on Alipay’s Development Process

部分中国互联网企业引入国外先进商业模式并根据本土环境特征进行商业模式二次创新,追赶并超越了原型企业,其创新过程和成功路径值得深入研究。本文选取支付宝作为典型案例,分析企业商业模式二次创新的过程,并探究其与制度环境的共演机制。研究发现,商业模式二次创新包含适应创新和自主创新两个阶段,存在适应式商业模式创新、探索式商业模式创新、协同式商业模式创新三种不同创新方式的演进,并通过不同的创新方式与制度环境相互影响,进一步提炼出“制度压力驱动企业进行商业模式适应创新”“商业模式创新触发潜在的制度压力”“商业模式自主创新引致制度环境变化”的作用机制。本文的研究发现可以丰富商业模式二次创新理论,也对企业在变化的制度环境中如何进行商业模式创新提供指导。

Chinese enterprises have attained big success in secondary business model innovation in a way not only adapting to but affecting the local institutional environment.This paper selects Alipay as a typical case to analyze its process from imitation to innovation,finding out how it adapted and gradually influenced the cognitive,normative,and regulative environment.We find that the secondary business model innovation goes through adaptive innovation stage and independent innovation stage,which involves three different innovative approaches namely adaptive,exploratory and interactive business model innovation.These innovation approaches connect different stages and institutional environment.Based on this,we put forward the linkage mechanism of driving,triggering and causing between business model innovation and institutional environment.The research findings can enrich the theory of secondary business model innovation,and provide managers with ideas regarding how to perform business model innovations in the volatile institutional environment.