宋代士大夫信仰体验及其心路历程

Psychology and Experience of Religious Belief of Scholar-Officials in Song Dynasty

宋代士大夫宗教信仰者可分为布衣型、士绅型和官僚型三类,其信仰呈现出儒道佛三教融合的典型形态。三教信仰在一个人一生中呈现出较为明显的阶段性。中国古代士大夫的宗教信仰亦即儒道佛三教合一的形式,是一种典型的"弥漫性宗教"信仰而非"制度性宗教"信仰,注重内心的体验而非外在的宗教形式,具有强大的包容性而非排斥性。儒道佛三教,绝不是三种不同的宗教,而是同一种信仰的不同阶段、不同层面。

There are three types of religious believers among the scholar officials in the Song Dynasty:civilian,gentry and bureaucrat.The religious belief of ancient Chinese scholar officials is the unity of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism,which presents obvious stages in a person’s life.It is a typical"diffuse religion"rather than"institutional religion."It pays attention to the inner experience rather than the external religious form.It is highly inclusive rather than exclusive.Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism are by no means three different religions,but different stages and aspects of the same faith.