佛禅思想对陈与义文学创作的影响

The Influence of Zen Buddhism on Chen Yuyi’s Literary Creation

陈与义是南北宋之际的杰出诗人,在他的600余首作品中,近六分之一涉及佛禅元素,佛禅思想对陈与义的文学创作理论和实践有着重要影响。他在诗论中既注重诗句锻炼也注重自然感发,这与渐修和顿悟的参禅方法相通。在实践中先有外部题材、语汇的丰富,运用佛典释语创作游览或寓居寺庙、结交僧侣文人、自然山林题材的作品;后有内在诗境心态的转变,善于创造"空""静"的诗境、拥有浑成的禅心。佛禅思想对他的影响由外而内、由显而隐,其佛禅作品晚年达到了"浑成"的境界。

Chen Yuyi(1090-1138)was an outstanding poet in the Song Dynasty.Among his more than 600 poems,nearly one-sixth of them involve the element of Zen Buddhism.Zen Buddhism has an important influence on Chen Yuyi’s theory and practice of literary creation.In poetic theory,he paid attention to both the deliberation of the lines and the natural feeling,which was similar to gradual cultivation and sudden enlightenment in meditation.In practice,first,he enriched the vocabulary and subject matter,and using the Buddhist language,produced works about visiting or living in temples,making friends with monks or literati and on the theme of nature,such as mountains and forests.Later,with the changing of his inner poetic state of mind,he exceled at the poetic conception of"emptiness"and"peacefulness,"reaching the highest degree of the meditative mind.He was influenced by Zen Buddhism from the outside to the inside,from overt to covert,and his Zen poetry achieved high artistic realm in his later years.