“非虚构”小说的乡村叙事艺术——以孙惠芬《生死十日谈》为例

The Rural Narrative Art of“Nonfiction”Novels as Exemplified by Sun huifen’s The Decameron of Life and Death

孙惠芬的《生死十日谈》巧妙地运用了一系列叙事策略进一步增益文本的审美价值。在叙事姿态上,以实际行动深入农民生活,亲自进行调查和采访,力求还原乡村内部肌理的真实;在叙事语言上,启用了“不可靠叙事者”干预机制,促成了众声喧哗的复调叙述效果,扩大了文本反讽的张力;叙事结构方面,沿袭了鲁迅乡土小说“离乡-归乡-再离乡”的模式,在故事推进的同时不断“回望”,形成了一种“去而复回”的环形结构。这些叙事艺术的运用不仅升华了小说的主题思想,还为以后“非虚构”乡村叙事提供了借鉴。

Sun Huifen’s The Decameron of Life and Death used a series of narrative strategies to further enhance the aesthetic value of the text.In terms of narrative method,the author goes deep into the farmers’lives with practical actions and conducts investigations and interviews in person,striving to restore the truth of the inner texture of the countryside.In terms of narrative language,the intervention mechanism of“unreliable narrator”is adopted,which forms the polyphonic narrative effect of voices and voices,and expands the tension of text irony.In terms of narrative structure,it follows Luxun’s pattern of“leaving home-returning home-leaving home again”,and keeps“looking back”as the story progresses,forming a circular structure of“going and returning”.The application of these narrative arts not only sublimates the theme of the novel,but also provides reference for the“non-fiction”rural narration in the future.