治理视角下我国乡镇政府职能转变问题研究

Research on the Function Transformation of Township Government in China from the Perspective of Governance

乡镇政府是我国政权体制的基础,它处于我国行政体系的最底层,是党和政府同基层群众联系的纽带。随着经济、社会、文化等因素的发展变化,乡镇地区出现了一些新形势和新问题:乡镇发展经济与社会治理不同步,乡镇政府在农村地区的嵌入性降低,乡镇政府政策空间狭小与多样化发展的需求不匹配,乡镇政府治理手段与民众期望不符。政府职能转变不仅关系到提升政府在人民心中的形象,也关系到国家治理能力和治理体系现代化的推进。乡镇政府职能转变可以从以下几个途径进行:发扬人民民主,加强民主监督;转移乡镇工作重心,调整乡镇地区软硬实力失衡的结构;优化考核体系,实行差异化考核;发展乡村社会组织,提升社会管理水平;各级政府相互联动共治乡镇。

The township government is the foundation of Chinese political power system and is at the bottom of the Chinese administrative system.It is the link between the party,the government and the grassroots people.With the development and changes of economic,social and cultural factors,some new situations and problems have emerged in the township areas:The economic development and social governance of towns and villages are not in sync,the embeddability of township governments in rural areas is reduced,the small policy space of township governments does not match the needs of diversified development,and the governance means of township governments do not match the expectations of the people.The transformation of government functions is not only related to improving the image of the government in the minds of the people,but also related to the advancement of national governance capacity and governance system modernization.The transformation of the functions of township governments can be carried out in the following ways:developing people’s democracy and strengthening democratic supervision;shifting the focus of township work and adjustinh the structure of soft and hard power imbalance;optimizing the assessment system and implement differentiated assessment;developinh rural social organizations and improvinh social management;governments at all levels jointly governing towns and townships in an interactive manner.