印度涉藏政策的历史演变与趋势

The Historical Evolution And Future Trend Of India’s Policy On Tibet

独立后70多年以来,印度政府的涉藏政策演变经历了分别以继承与发展英印政府西藏政策、直接干预、利用与克制为主要特征的三个阶段。透视各届印度政府的涉藏政策,其本质上既有对英国殖民时期西藏政策的“历史继承”,但更多则是基于对华战略与外交的“现实考量”。印度将西藏问题视为践行“印度中心论”的重要一环,在对华关系和地区事物中积极培育和运用“软实力”、“巧实力”和“硬实力”。一直以来,围绕十四世达赖喇嘛和藏南问题,印度将其作为中印边界谈判和对华外交策略的重要筹码,旨在攫取更多现实利益;但随着在印藏人等问题的突显,印度涉藏政策的“内向性”约束有所增加,而如何保持其涉藏政策的对华影响力构成未来印度涉藏政策的关键。

After 70 years independence,the evolution of the Indian government’s policy on Tibet has experienced three stages,which are mainly characterized by inheriting and developing the British policy on Tibet,direct intervention,utilization and restraint.it is a“historical inheritance”of the British policy on Tibet,but more based on“realistic considerations”of strategy and diplomacy for China based on the Tibet policy of previous Indian governments.India regards the Tibet issue as an important part of practicing the“India-centric theory”,and actively cultivates and uses“soft power”,“smart power”and“hard power”in its relations with China and regional affairs.For a long time,,India has used the issues of the 14th Dalai Lama and Southern Tibet as an important bargaining chip in Sino-Indian border negotiations and relations with China,aiming to capture more practical benefits;however,as the problem of Tibetans in India and other issues are increasingly important,it highlights that the“introverted”constraints of India’s policy on Tibet has increased,and it will be crucial of this policy that how to maintain the influence on China in future.