明清时期河洛地区列女形象探析——基于嘉庆《洛阳县志·列女传》的考察

An analysis of the loyal women in Heluo region in Ming and Qing Dynasties——Based on The Biography of Loyal Women,Luoyang Records in Jiaqing period

列女是指诸种操守符合封建礼教言行之楷模的女子,嘉庆《洛阳县志·列女传》中的列女形象可分为六类:即:一与之齐,终身不改;以死殉道,拒辱自戕;极尽孝道,赡养舅姑;吃苦耐劳,刚强持家;教子有方,扶子有成;乐善好施,扶弱济贫。明清时期贞节观的发展、贞节旌表制度的盛行、洛学的兴盛以及养老抚孤的考量等因素共同造就了河洛地区列女形象。同时河洛列女形象又呈现出脸谱化的状态,是封建礼教的产物,缺乏独立的人格,但列女身上所体现的重孝、勤劳、勇敢、善良等优秀品质是值得肯定的。

Loyal women refer to all kinds of women whose conducts conform to the role models of feudal etiquette.The images of loyal women in The Biography of Loyal Women,Luoyang Records in Jiajing period can be divided into six kinds:loyalty;bravery and martyrdom;filial piety;diligence;motherhood,and kindness.The development of the concept of virginity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the prevalence of the system of virginity,the prosperity of Luoxue and the consideration of providing for the aged and the orphan together created the images of women in Heluo region.Through the study of The Biography of Loyal Women,Luoyang Records in Jiajing period,the paper believes that the image of Heluo women is the product of feudal etiquette.Showing a stereotyped image,they have no independent personality to speak of,their feelings can be compassionate,their deeds can be sighed,but their outstanding qualities,such as filial piety,diligence,bravery,kindness and so on,cannot be ignored.