从《树艺篇》到《汝南圃史》——明代农书生产过程的个案研究

From Shuyipian to Runan Pushi:A Case Study of Ancient Agricultural Book's Productive Process in Ming Dynasty

《汝南圃史》的“祖本”是《树艺篇》,且中间经由《花史》一书的修改方才完成。作为“稿本”的《树艺篇》记录了很多明代士人获取农学知识的基础史料,从中可以发现时人从藏书与阅读、游历与交往、采访与躬耕等多个方面获取农学知识。进一步考察《树艺篇》及其删减本《花史》对这些知识的加工,发现撰者颇重视“知识性”的介绍,并在一定程度上流露出该书作者乃是“士人”的身份。《汝南圃史》则在吸收了以上两种编辑与撰写倾向的基础上,进一步系统化了撰者所获取的农学知识。研究表明,农书的撰写并不都来自于实际的生活经验,在很大程度上,明代农书的生产过程,就是文本不断再造的过程。

Shuyipian(The Art of Trees)is a manuscript copy of the Huashi(History of Flowering Plants),and also an original source for the Runan pushi(A History of the Gardens of Runan).Therefore,Shuyipian records some basic historical materials on agronomy in the Ming dynasty.In this text,we can find advice about ways to obtain agronomy knowledge,such as to collect and read books,travel and communication,interviews and practice.Furthermore,in Shuypian and Huashi,the writer pays more attention to the introduction of knowledge,and to a certain extent displays a literati identity.Runan pushi absorbs these two characteristics in its writing,and further systematizes knowledge on agronomy.In short,the process of the compilation of agricultural books in the Ming dynasty not only drew on experiences of daily life,but also originated from the reworking of existing texts.