精神损害赔偿惩罚性功能探析——基于医疗侵权精神损害赔偿的实证研究

On the Punitive Function of Mental Damage Compensation——An Empirical Research Based on the Mental Damage Compensation of Medical Tort

通过对中国裁判文书网上案由为“医疗损害责任纠纷”的生效判决书进行分层随机抽样,并经筛选后最终获得的2084份有效判决书为样本进行统计分析,结果表明,法官对医疗侵权精神损害赔偿金额的认定体现出一定的惩罚性功能。但惩罚性功能并未在样本数据中得到全面体现,且在实现惩罚性功能时法官未对相关个案因素进行完整考量。据此,为有效实现侵权责任的社会调整功能,应当承认精神损害赔偿所具有的惩罚性功能,与惩罚性赔偿制度相配合适用,且需要对精神损害赔偿惩罚性功能的适用进行规范。

A total of 2084 valid judgments finalized by the screening of the effective judgments of the“Medical Damage Liability Disputes”were statistically analyzed.The results of statistical analysis show that,when the type of patient damage is disability,the judge's determination of the mental damage compensation reflects the punitive function,and when the patient damage type is death,the judge's determination of the mental damage compensation does not reflect the punitive function.Also when implementing the punitive function,the judge did not fully consider the relevant case factors.Accordingly,in order to effectively realize the social adjustment function of tort liability,the punitive function of mental damage compensation should be recognized and applied in conjunction with the punitive compensation system,and the application of the punitive function of mental damage compensation should be further standardized.