中国文化村镇的理论问题与历史变迁研究

A Study on the Theoretical Issues and Historical Changes of Chinese Cultural Villages and Towns

“文化村镇”包括“中国历史文化名镇名村”“中国传统村落”“特色文化小镇”三种类型。改革开放以来,中国文化村镇的主体功能发生了巨变,表现在以自然经济为主体的小农生产方式全面萎缩和以实用理性为代表的传统农业文化日益式微。而现有的文化遗产保护模式、以乡镇企业为代表的工业化模式、以乡村旅游业为代表的商业化模式都未能把文化村镇特有的生产生活方式和文化价值体系传承下来。在产业重建之路上,中国文化村镇初步形成了两点共识:一是工业产业不如旅游产业,二是旅游产业必须和文化融合发展。深入研究文化村镇的文化资源,把它们融入旅游项目和产品开发中,是解决旅游产业内容供给不足和文化村镇文化无所寄托的重要发展思路。理想城镇的基本特点是既包括城市的繁荣但又不像当今大都市那样喧闹,在像传统乡村一样安静的同时又拥有城市生活的便利和文化。

“Cultural villages and towns”include“famous historical and cultural towns and villages”,“traditional Chinese villages”and“characteristic cultural towns”.Since the reform and opening-up,the main function of Chinese cultural villages and towns has changed greatly,and it is manifested in the overall shrinking of the small-scale agricultural production mode with natural economy as the main body and the decline of the traditional agricultural culture represented by the practical rationality.However,the existing cultural heritage protection model,the industrialization model represented by the township enterprises,and the commercialization model represented by the rural tourism have failed to pass down the unique production and life style and cultural value system of the cultural villages and towns.On the road of industrial reconstruction,Chinese cultural villages and towns initially formed two consensuses.First,the industrial industry is inferior to the tourism industry.Second,the tourism industry must be integrated with the cultural development.To study the cultural resources of cultural villages and towns in depth and integrate them into the development of tourism projects and products is an important way to solve the problem of the insufficient supply of tourism industry and the lack of cultural resources in cultural villages and towns.The basic characteristic of an ideal town is the prosperity of the city without the noise of today's metropolis,and the convenience and culture of city life while being as quiet as the traditional countryside.