我国湖泊水文学研究进展与展望

Lake hydrology in China: Advances and prospects

湖泊是地球表层水体的重要组成部分,在区域社会经济发展和生物多样性保护等方面发挥着不可替代的作用.气候变化和高强度的水资源开发利用等,导致湖泊物理、化学特性在时空格局上发生显著的变化,引起一系列的社会、环境、气候等响应.湖泊水文学研究湖泊水文要素及其时空变化特征、平衡关系与变化规律,在水文过程演变与归因解析、湖泊洪旱发生机理与调控、湖泊资源评估与可持续利用等方面,解决了众多理论和实践问题,为区域发展提供了强大支撑.本文评述了近50年来我国湖泊水文学的发展与研究进展,重点阐述湖泊水量平衡与水量变化、湖泊水动力与水文过程调蓄、湖泊极端水文事件成因、湖泊水文遥感反演等方面的研究进展,展望了湖泊水文学的未来发展趋势.

Lakes are important components of the Earth’s surface water bodies. They serve as irreplaceable functions in regional socio-economic development and conservation of biological diversities. Climate variations and intensive water consumption result in significant deviations in temporal change and spatial pattern in terms of physical and chemical processes. As a sub-discipline of hydrology,lake hydrology addresses the changing patterns of hydrological variables,their relationships,balancing and evolution. It addresses fundamental scientific questions and offers solutions to practical issues. Examples includes hydrological attribution and dynamic evolution,hydrological extremes and practical mitigation,lake resources assessment and sustainable utilization,which have been strongly supporting regional developments. This article reviews the progress of lake hydrology in China in the latest 50 years,with emphases on lake water balance and variation,lake hydrodynamics,lake hydrological extremes,and remote sensing of lake hydrology. Several key research areas are also identified and discussed for future research interests.