春秋战国时代的“诸夏”融合与地域族群

The Integration of Zhu Xia诸夏and the Regional Community during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

春秋时“诸夏”观念出现,标志古代华夏民族漫长的融合,由“孕育”阶段进入“出生”阶段。春秋战国时代的华夏融合,学界主流的意见认为是氏族组织解体转向地域组织。可是春秋以后的地域族群是以“国”为中心的组合,地域国家的形成和发展,一方面是华夏融合的推动力,另一方面又有独立的方向,就是国家本位的族群聚合。这种“国群”聚合若发展为地方民族,则可能迟滞华夏的大融合。春秋以后地域国家的发展最终没有形成地方民族,一个重要原因是西周封国由外来移民统治地方土著,各国贵族集团在文化上轻视和疏离地方经验,无力创建国家本位的文化以凝聚族众。春秋战国时代华夏融合进程,尚有复杂的内在线索学界未能了解,需进一步深入研究。

The notion of Zhu Xia arose in the Spring and Autumn period,indicating that the prolonged integration of ancient Huaxia华夏had come into the“bearing”phase from the“gestation”phase.The major academic theory argues that the integration of Huaxia means the transformation from the clan society to the regional community.However,all the regional communities after the Spring and Autumn period is centered on the“states”.The formation and development of regional states on the one hand were the impetus of the integration of Huaxia community,and on the other hand,led to a different direction and prompted the state-orientation gatherings.Had such gatherings developed into regional community,the great integration of Huaxia would have been seriously delayed.One of the important reasons why the regional states after the Spring and Autumn period failed in forming regional cultural communities was that they,as principalities under the Western Zhou Dynasty,were all ruled by immigrated aristocratic cliques,who,in terms of culture,despised and alienated themselves from local experiences.Hence they lacked the ability to unite the ethnic population by creating a distinctive and state-oriented regional culture.Concerning the process of the integration of Huaxia during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period,it is necessary to make further research on its complicated intrinsic factors which we have not yet discovered.