清代内外蒙古十盟会名称的固定及其时间考

A Study on the Names of Ten Leagues of Inner and Outer Mongol in the Early Qing Dynasty

清代内外扎萨克蒙古十个盟会的名称是以其会盟地点命名的。清初各盟会的会盟地点未固定,亦无盟名。康熙年间会盟地点固定下来,随之以会盟地点的名称作为盟会的名称,盟会名称逐渐固定下来。内扎萨克六个盟会的名称于康熙四十五年(1706)或四十九年全部固定。至雍正六年(1728)内外扎萨克十盟会的名称全部固定。但是,喀尔喀四盟会因为雍正七年爆发的清朝与准噶尔的战争,其西部三盟游牧地东移,乾隆五年重返故地后会盟地发生变化,至乾隆十二年(1747)新会盟地点固定。同年清廷给内外蒙古十盟会盟长颁发印信,印文中以会盟地作为盟名。自此内外扎萨克蒙古十盟会的名称全部固定下来,再无变化。

In the early Qing dynasty,the ten leagues of inner and outer Mongol were named after the names of the places where they held meetings.The meeting sites were not fixed until the Kangxi reign;accordingly,the names of ten leagues were not fixed until then.The meeting locations of six leagues of inner jasaγMongol were fixed in the forty-fifth year of Kangxi(1706)or forty-ninth year of Kangxi(1710).All the names of ten leagues of inner and outer Monggol were fixed until the sixth year of Yong Zheng(1728).But the three leagues of outer jasaγqalq-a changed their names as they moved to the eastern area during the Qing and Jegünγar War which broke out in the seventh year of Yong Zheng(1729).After the war,they went back to the land where they had lived in the fifth year of Qianlong(1740)and had new leagues names.The new names of these leagues were fixed in the twelfth year of Qianlong(1747).At the same time,the Qing court gave league chiefs the seals engraved leagues name.After that,the names of ten leagues of inner and outer Mongol never changed again.