上海市第一批国家慢性病综合防控示范区健康环境建设及成效评估

First batch of national demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in Shanghai:their healthy environment construction and effectiveness evaluation

【目的】评估上海市第一批国家慢性病综合防控示范区5年来建设成效,总结经验与特色,为其他地区慢性病防控工作提供参考。【方法】收集上海市徐汇、静安、闵行、嘉定、松江和青浦6个第一批国家慢性病综合防控示范区的建设资料,分析建设前后健康环境和总结各区慢性病防控特色,利用2013年和2017年上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测数据对健康效应进行评估、分析和比较。【结果】健康支持环境建设持续加强,健康单元总数比建设前增加1502个,新增健康主题公园、健康步道、健康小屋等新型健康单元共计489个,6个区均实现了自助式健康检测点全街镇覆盖。居民生活行为方式改善,6个区总体现在吸烟率、家庭人均每日盐摄入量和油摄入量下降,其中徐汇、闵行和嘉定区18岁及以上居民的现在吸烟率下降显著,5个区家庭人均每日油摄入量下降,6个区家庭人均每日盐摄入量下降。在5年建设期间,6个区均积极探索符合区域特色的慢性病防控工作,取得一定成效。【结论】上海市第一批国家慢性病综合防控示范区建设在环境支持和健康效应方面取得一定成效,各区慢性病防控模式有一定特色,对上海市和其他地区慢性病防控工作具有一定借鉴和参考意义。

[Objective]To make assessment on construction effectiveness of the first batch of national chronic disease comprehensive control and prevention demonstration areas(NCD demonstration areas)in Shanghai,summarizing NCD experience and its characteristics,so as to provide reference for other regions.[Methods]Data were collected and analysed concerning construction of health support environment and regional characteristics of the six districts-Xuhui,Jing′an,Minhang,Jiading,Songjiang and Qingpu.Descriptive data from Shanghai Non-communicable Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2013 and 2017 was also analyzed for evaluation.[Results]It was noted that health support environment had been in continuous construction.The total number of health units increased by 1502 as compared with pre-construction.The number of new type health units increased by 489 such as health theme parks,health trails and health huts.All six districts established self-help health test points covering all streets and towns.Residents′living and behavior styles were improved,as there was a decrease in current smoking rate,oil intake and salt intake in the six NCD demonstration areas.In Xuhui,Minhang and Jiading three districts,the current smoking rate among residents over 18 years old remarkably declined.In five of the six districts,the average daily oil intake per family member was significantly reduced and so was the average daily salt intake per family member in the six districts.In addition,the six demonstration areas in Shanghai explored several models of NCD prevention and control in line with regional characteristics,which produced positive results.[Conclusion]The first batch of demonstration areas of Shanghai have achieved effective results in aspects of environmental support and health effects.The modes of NCD prevention and control in different districts present their regional characteristics,which provide significant reference for other regions of Shanghai in this regard.