“神农氏” “炎帝”融合过程考辨--兼论二者分合之原因

A Textual Research on the Integration Process of Shen Nong and Yan Emperor--Also on the Causes of Their Separation and Combination

“炎帝神农氏”称谓的形成过程及演变轨迹,可分以下几个阶段:战国以前,“神农氏”与“炎帝”二者截然分开,有着严格界限;战国时期,二者开始交叉叠合;西汉仍以区分为主,两汉之际开始逆转,东汉则以融合为主流;魏晋南北朝至隋唐时期,彻底融合为“炎帝神农氏”,从唐宋一直沿用至今。此过程与不同时期的政治背景和历史演进趋势相适应,反映出民族融合进程中人们对古史传说的整合及对上古史的重建。

Generally speaking,the records of Yan Emperor and Shen Nong in ancient books have obvious stage characteristics,which can be divided into several stages:before the Warring States,Yan Emperor and Shen Nong were two different independents.The concept has strict boundaries,and the classics separately record the two;from the Warring States period,there are two phenomena of overlapping and partial overlap in the classics;the two Hans are the key period of integration,the Western Han Dynasty is mainly divided,and the two Hans begin to reverse.In the Eastern Han Dynasty,the fusion was the mainstream;during the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties,the two gradually merged and eventually fixed,forming a new concept of Yan Emperor Shennong,which has been used since the Tang and Song Dynasties.The gradual establishment of the concept of Yin Emperor Shennong is compatible with the political background and historical evolution of each period.The case of the integration of the two reflects the integration of ancient historical legends and the reconstruction of ancient history in the process of national integration.