士人山水美学:晋宋山水文化的四重维度

Scholars’Landscape Aesthetics:Four Dimensions of Jin and Song Dynasties’Landscape Culture

士人山水美学着眼于以士人在政统与道统之间的文化定位与价值追询来审视山水的审美意义,并由此把握士人的山水传统及艺术创造。晋宋山水美学处在中国山水审美发展史的始发端,它孕育于士人美学体系初步建立的美学氛围,以玄佛自然观关于宇宙本体与理想人格的探讨为哲学基础,门阀政治格局下士族文化的兴衰构成发展的外部环境、魏晋以来抒情诗思的意象化线索则成为其内在的美学特质。晋宋士人山水美学的发轫形态、理论宗旨、美学价值和历史地位,对后世山水文化具有深远影响与启示意义。

Scholars’landscape aesthetics focuses on examining the aesthetic significance of landscapes based on the cultural positioning and value inquiry of the scholars between political tradition and Confucian orthodoxy,and hereby grasps the landscape traditions and artistic creations of the scholars.Being the beginning of the history of the development of Chinese landscape aesthetics,the landscape aesthetics of the Jin and Song Dynasties was conceived in the aesthetic atmosphere initially established in the literati aesthetic system.It was based on the philosophical foundation of the exploration of the cosmic ontology and ideal personality of the hsüan Buddhist view of nature.In the external environment of powerful family politics,the imagery clues of lyric poetry since the Wei and Jin Dynasties have become its internal aesthetic characteristics.The original form,theoretical purpose,aesthetic value and historical status of the landscape aesthetics of the scholars in the Jin and Song Dynasties have a profound influence and enlightenment on the landscape culture of later generations.