新时期我国农业科技创新能力评价与提升对策研究

EVALUATION AND IMPROMENT COUNTERMEASURES OF CHINA′S AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION CAPABILITY IN THE NEW PERIOD

[目的]为了衡量我国农业科技创新的成效。[方法]文章基于创新驱动视角,构建农业创新驱动过程模型,并在此基础上结合灰色关联分析法,筛选我国农业科技创新能力评价体系,同时运用修正的CRITIC方法对2010—2016年我国的农业科技创新能力进行了实证分析。[结果](1)我国农业科技创新能力在该时段内得到了长足的增长,得分由2010年的0.0166增长到2016年的0.8865,提高了53倍之多,但增速呈现出明显的阶段性特征;(2)我国农业科技创新目前尚呈现出明显的国家政府导向(政策依赖性)性特征,农业科技创新投入能力占据主导作用,且投入产出效率相对较低,但是创新发展的成效也非常明显,2015—2016年我国农业总产值得分提高了26.58%,农民人均纯收入得分提高了17.95%;(3)我国农业科技创新能力受制于农村经济发展水平、农村人均收入水平、农村人口素质教育水平、研究与发展经费内部支出等要素的“瓶颈”。[结论]实证分析结果与现实吻合性较好,表明基于农业科技创新驱动模型和灰色关联法综合汇总的农业科技创新能力评价指标体系具有较强的解释性和科学合理性;“政策扶持、产业集群、效率导向、产—研—学一体化、广域合作、培育宣传”等是当前我国农业科技创新能力提升的主要方向。

This research aims to measure the effect of agricultural science and technology innovation in China.Based on the innovation-driven perspective,this paper constructs the agricultural innovation-driven process model,and then combines with the gray correlation analysis method to make sure China′s agricultural science and technology innovation capability evaluation indexes,and then applies the revised CRITIC method to make an empirical analysis on China′s agricultural science and technology innovation capability during 2010-2016.The results show that:(1)China′s agricultural science and technology innovation capability has grown considerably during this period,with the score increasing from 0.0166 in 2010 to 0.08865 in 2016,a full increase of 53 times,but the growth rate is obvious.Stage characteristics of(2)China′s agricultural science and technology innovation still presents obvious national government-oriented(policy-dependent)characteristics,agricultural science and technology innovation investment capacity plays a leading role,and input-output efficiency is relatively low,but innovation and development The results are also very obvious.In 2015-2016,China′s agricultural output value increased by 26.58%,and the per capita net income of farmers increased by 17.95%.(3)China′s agricultural science and technology innovation capacity is subject to the level of rural economic development,rural per capita income,the"bottleneck"of the quality of rural population quality education,internal expenditures of research and development funds.The empirical analysis results are in good agreement with the reality,which indicates that the agricultural science and technology innovation capability evaluation index system based on the agricultural science and technology innovation driving model and the gray correlation method has strong interpretative and scientific rationality;"policy support,industrial cluster,efficiency Guidance,production-research-study integration,wide-area cooperation,and cultivation of propaganda are the main directions for the improvement of China′s agricultural science and technology innovation capabilities.