试论近代南浔铁路经营与发展困顿的原因

On the Causes of the Difficulties in the Operation and Development of Nanxun Railway in Modern Times

为了杜绝日本帝国主义对江西境内铁路觊觎,1904年,江西官绅成立商办江西全省铁路总公司,开始筹建九江至南昌的南浔铁路;1916年6月南浔铁路建成通车。然而,由于资本短绌、经营管理不善、日债逼迫以及动荡时局的影响,南浔铁路成为全国“唯一一条赔钱的铁路”。商办南浔铁路的历史命运表明在列强环伺、积贫积弱的近代中国,中国民族资本企业因外有资本帝国主义的打压、内受动荡不安政局的扰乱而生存与发展困难重重。因此,主权独立是近代中国民族资本企业生存与发展的第一前提。

In order to put an end to the Japanese imperialists’covets on the railway in jiangxi province,Jiangxi officials and merchants established the Nanxun railway company and began to construct the Nanxun railway from jiujiang to Nanchang in 1904.The Nanxun railway was opened to traffic in June 1916.However,due to capital shortage,poor management,Japanese debt pressure and the impact of turbulent times,Nanxun railway became“the only one losing money”in the country.The historical fate of Nanxun railway showed that in modern China,a poor and weak country surrounded by foreign powers,Chinese national capital enterprises had great difficulties in survival and development due to the oppression of foreign capital imperialism and the disturbance of unstable political situation.Therefore,sovereign independence is the first premise for the survival and development of modern Chinese national capital enterprises.