欧洲民族主义的复兴与欧洲未来

The Revival of European Nationalism and the Future of Europe

欧洲现代民族主义主要是围绕民族国家的构建展开的。多种思想观念的并存以及原生论和工具主义的并存是欧洲现代民族主义发展的重要特点,而自由民族主义和保守民族主义作为其中的两种重要传统深刻影响了后世的欧洲民族主义发展。冷战结束后欧洲民族主义复兴,它们主要围绕中东欧地区的民族主义运动、疑欧民族主义以及地方民族主义三条线索展开。其中,在疑欧框架下的欧洲民族主义与民粹主义的重叠,以及以少数民族自治问题为主题的地方民族主义发展及其所显示的分离主义趋势,是影响欧洲民族主义与欧洲未来的关键。但保守民族主义及其强调的族群意义的民族观在当下欧洲民族主义中的主导性意味着,在现实政治领域民族主义更显示为一种与欧洲一体化相对的意识表达,其复兴也为欧洲未来的发展蒙上了新的阴影。

Modern nationalism in Europe is mainly about the construction of nation-state. The coexistence of various ideas and the coexistence of primordialism and instrumentalism are the important characteristics of the development of modern European nationalism. Liberal nationalism and conservative nationalism, as two important traditions, have deeply influenced the development of European nationalism in later generations. After the end of the cold war, European nationalism revived, which mainly focused on the nationalist movement in central and Eastern Europe, Eurosceptic nationalism and local nationalism. Among them, the overlapping of nationalism and populism in Europe under the framework of Euroscepticism, the development of local nationalism with the theme of ethnic autonomy and the separatist trend shown by it are the key to influence European nationalism and the future of Europe. However, the leading role of conservative nationalism and its emphasis on ethnic significance in the current European nationalism means that in the field of realistic politics, nationalism is a kind of consciousness expression opposite to European integration, and its revival also casts a new shadow on the future development of Europe.