学校体育中层理论研究的典范——运动文化论理论建构的启示

Model ofMiddle Level Theory of School Physical Education:Enlightenment from the Theoretical Construction of Sport Culture Theory

基于中层理论视角,对我国学校体育理论体系存在的完整性、自洽性与实践指导力不足等问题的深层原因进行剖析,同时与日本学校体育运动文化论的理论建构过程进行比较。认为:学校体育中层理论研究的薄弱是导致我国学校体育理论体系“空心化”、思想理念“误读”与教学实践“乱象”的重要原因;运动文化论为贯彻“创造国民运动文化”的指导思想,构建了“中间项”理论、运动技术传授体系、集团学习、体育课程内容与教材选编等系列支撑理论,既推动学校体育理论与实践的发展,也为各学校体育流派提供了学校体育中层理论研究的成功典范。提出:完整的学校体育理论体系应包含“宏观思想—中层理论—实践方法”3个层次并形成网络结构;作为连接宏观指导思想与具体教学实践之间的过渡理论,学校体育中层理论既是对某一学校体育思想实现机制的揭示,也是构建学校体育实践内容与方法的重要依据;加强学校体育中层理论建设,有利于把握各流派学校体育思想产生的历史背景、特定内涵、实现机制与实施办法,达到厘清思想、甄别理论、规范方法、强化实践的目的。

Based on the middle-level theory,the integrity,self-consistency and practical guidance in school physical education theoretical system are analyzed and also compared with the theoritical connstruction of sport culture theory in schools of Japan.It holds that the weakness of middle-level theoretical research on school physical education leads to the problems of"hollowing out"of school physical education theoretical system,"misreading"of guiding ideology and"chaos"in curriculum reform practice.In order to realize the goal of"creating national sports culture",the sports culture theory,which is composed of a series of supporting theories,including sports skills teaching system,group learning and physical education curriculum content and teaching material compilation,not only promotes the development of theory and practice of school physical education,but also provides a successful model for the middle-level theory research of school physical education.Hence it holds that a complete theoretical system of school physical education should be a network structure consisting of three levels:"macro-thoughts-middle-level theories-practical methods".The middle-level theory of school physical education,as the linkage of the macroscopic guiding ideology and the concrete teaching practice,is the manifestation of the realization mechanism of a school physical education thought,and the basis of guiding the construction of the content and method of school physical education practice.Therefore the middle-level theory of school physical education construction helps various schools to better understand the formation of the thought on physical education in its historical background,connotaton,realization machanism and practice method.