大豆加工产品对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

Effects of soy processing products on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets

本研究通过3个试验分别对豆粕、大豆浓缩蛋白和发酵豆粕氨基酸回肠消化率、代谢能及其在早期断奶仔猪中的应用进行评价。试验1采用4×4拉丁方设计,4头初始体重为(14.2±1.4)kg的阉割公猪,日粮中唯一的能量来源是玉米,另外3种日粮用25%的大豆加工产品替代日粮中的玉米,分别测定日粮中消化能和代谢能含量的差异。在试验2中,选择4头初始体重为(18.2±1.5)kg带有回肠瘘管的阉割公猪,分配到4×4拉丁方设计。3种日粮以玉米淀粉为基础,用大豆加工产品作为氨基酸唯一来源,同时对照组作为无氮日粮,用于测量内源性氨基酸的损失。在试验3中,选择21 d断奶、初始体重为(5.6±0.9)kg的仔猪192头,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复16头组,分别饲喂3种大豆加工产品日粮。进行为期21 d的饲养试验。结果:大豆浓缩蛋白和发酵豆粕中代谢能和消化能的含量显著高于玉米(P<0.05),豆粕消化能水平显著高于玉米(P<0.05)。大豆浓缩蛋白粗蛋白质消化率(89.25%)显著高于豆粕(84.3%)(P<0.05)。除了蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸和脯氨酸外,大豆浓缩蛋白中大多数氨基酸的消化率均显著大于豆粕(P<0.05),大豆浓缩蛋白和发酵豆粕组断奶仔猪的日增重和饲料效率显著高于豆粕组(P<0.05)。从1~7 d、8~14 d及1~21 d,大豆浓缩蛋白和发酵豆粕组断奶仔猪评分均高于豆粕组(P<0.05)。结论:大豆浓缩蛋白的代谢能和氨基酸消化率高于豆粕,发酵豆粕和大豆浓缩蛋白中一些必需氨基酸的消化率高于豆粕,大豆浓缩蛋白和发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能的改善作用也优于豆粕。

In this study,three experiments were carried out to evaluate the ileum digestibility and metabolic energy of soybean meal,soybean protein concentrate and fermented soybean meal and their application in early weaned piglets.Experiment 1 used a 4×4 Latin square design,4 castrated boars with an initial weight of(14.2±1.4)kg,the only energy source in the diet was corn,and the other three diets used 25%soybean processing products to replace the corn in the diet,respectively to determine the differences in the content of digestive energy and metabolic energy in the diet.In experiment 2,4 castrated boars with an initial weight of(18.2±1.5)kg and ileal fistula were selected and assigned to the 4×4 Latin square design.The three diets were based on corn starch,with soy processing products as the sole source of amino acids,while the control group was on a nitrogen-free diet to measure endogenous amino acid loss.In experiment 3,192 piglets weaned on day 21 with an initial weight of(5.6±0.9)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,4 replicates in each group and 16 replicates in each group.Three diets of processed soybean products were fed respectively.Feeding experiments were conducted for 21 days.Results:the contents of metabolic energy and digestive energy in soybean protein concentrate and fermented soybean meal were significantly higher than that in corn(P<0.05),and the digestibility of soybean meal was significantly higher than that in corn(P<0.05).The digestibility of soybean protein concentrate(89.25%)was significantly higher than that of soybean meal(84.3%)(P<0.05).With the exception of methionine,phenylalanine,tryptophan,valine and proline,the digestibility of most amino acids in soybean protein concentrate was significantly higher than that in soybean meal(P<0.05),and the daily weight gain and feed efficiency of weaned piglets in soybean protein concentrate and fermented soybean meal group were significantly higher than that in soybean meal group(P<0.05).The scores of weaned piglets in the soybean protein concentrate and fermented soybean meal groups were higher than those in the soybean meal group(P<0.05)at 1~7 d,8~14 d and 1~21 d.Conclusion:the metabolic energy and amino acid digestibility of soybean protein concentrate were higher than that of soybean meal,and the digestibility of some essential amino acids in fermented soybean meal and soybean protein concentrate was higher than that of soybean meal.