五四时期新教育改革的变奏——以《废止教育宗旨,宣布教育本义案》为例

The Variation of The New Education Reform Movement In the May 4th Period:Take Resolution on Abolishing the Purpose of Education and Proclaiming the Essential of Education as an Example

受杜威思想的影响,兴起于1919年的新教育改革运动表现出“超轶政治”的鲜明特征。后经五四运动激进思潮的催化,由蒋梦麟领衔的新教育派希冀开启根本性的教育改革,其行动取向从渐进的实用主义转变为激进的理想主义,进而提出了以“废止教育宗旨,宣布教育本义”为代表的系列激进改革主张。尽管这些主张并没有得到官方采纳,但充分表明了当时先进的教育学人不甘不良政治摆布、谋求走自主发展之路的决心,更预表着一种“以学术代政治”的超现实式的教育理想。然而,由于新教育派未能有效解决融贯于五四时期的传统与现代、中国与西方、理论与实践、理想与现实等纷繁矛盾,最终导致新教育改革运动理念冲击力有余而实践持久力不足。

Under the influence of Dewey’s thoughts,the New Education Reform Movement,which arose in 1919,showed the distinctive characteristics of“super-political”.Stimulated by the radical thoughts of the May 4th Movement,the New Education School led by Jiang Meng-lin hoped to start a fundamental educational reform,which resulted in its action orientation changed from gradual pragmatism to radical idealism,and then put forward the idea of“abolishing the purpose of education,proclaiming the essential of education”as the representative of many radical reform ideas.Although these claims were not officially approved,they fully demonstrated the determination of the advanced educational scholars not to be at the mercy of bad politics and to pursue the road of independent development at that time.It also presupposes the ideal of super-realistic educational governance of“replacing politics with academic”.However,because the New Education School failed to effectively resolve the numerous contradictions between tradition and modernity,China and the West,theory and practice,ideal and reality,which were fused in the era of the May 4th Movement,and eventually led to the impact of the New Education Reform Movement was sufficient and the practical stamina of it was inadequate.