清代“一口通商”时期徽州“屯溪茶”外销到英国东印度公司的出口量研究

Research on the Export Volume of Huizhou“TwaikayTea”to British East India Company during the One-Port-Foreign-Trade Period of the Qing Dynasty

清代"一口通商"时期,徽州"屯溪茶"经内河航运与陆路运输到达广州,由清政府指定对外贸易的十三行行商负责外销。在19世纪初,屯溪茶成为外销茶中最主要的徽州绿茶。在这一期间,屯溪茶的销量逐年增长,但相比于以工夫茶为代表的福建茶,因英国消费者偏好红茶、关税和进口价格高、走私猖獗等问题,导致屯溪茶在英国市场竞争力不高,出口量始终位居其下。这一定程度上也反映了清前、中期徽州茶与福建茶在茶叶外销中的地位。

Under the One-Port-Foreign-Trade Period in the Qing Dynasty,Huizhou TwaikayTea ar⁃rived in Guangzhou through inland navigation and land transportation and was exported by the Thirteen-Hong merchants designated by the Qing government.In the early 19th century,TwaikayTea became the most important Huizhou green tea for export.During this period,TwaikayTea,with lower rank in export vol⁃ume comparing to Fujian Tea representing as Gongfu Tea,was not competitive in the British market due to the black tea preference of local British consumers,the high tax and import price,the rampant smug⁃gling and other related problems,even though the sales were increased yearly.To a certain extent,it also shows the status of Huizhou tea and Fujian tea in the tea export in the early and middle Qing Dynasty.