“老年”年龄界定与社会代际养老关系之构建——从家庭养老到社会养老之社会保险创建逻辑

A Study on the Definition of the Aged and Construction of Social Intergenerational Pension Relationship——The Social Insurance Creating Logic from Family Care for the Elderly to Social Pension

在任何时代老年群体都是社会关注的重点对象,养老问题对社会的和谐稳定至关重要。在自然经济状态下,"老年"的界定更贴近于当时社会人们的自然认知和文化认知。家庭养老是当时主要的养老方式,显现出强烈的以孝文化为内在驱动的家庭代际养老特色。随着养老社会化进程的推进,老年年金保险法制在世界范围内得以建立。老年年金保险之"老"通过法律予以规定,具有社会代际关系切割之意涵与功能,且年龄的设定随社会现实的变化而变化。为应对人口年龄结构老龄化趋势,我国退休年龄制度改革应分两步走:第一,分阶段提高女性法定退休年龄,并以60岁为标准退休年龄;第二,构建55—65岁的弹性退休年龄制度。

In any era,the elderly are the key objects of social concern,whilst the issue of pension is vital to the harmony and stability of the society.In a natural economy,the definition of"old age"is closer to people’s natural and cultural cognition of the society at that time.And family care for the aged is the main way to provide the care for the elderly,a strong family intergenerational care for the elderly with the filial piety culture.With the advancement of socialization of the care for the elderly,the old-age pension insurance legal system has been established worldwide.The"old"of the old-age pension insurance is stipulated by law,and has the meaning and function of the cutting of social intergenerational relations.In addition,the age setting changes with the change of social reality.To cope with the aging trend of the age structure of population,the reform of the retirement age system in our country should take the following two steps:a)to raise the legal retirement age for women in stages,and b)to take 60-year-old as the standard retirement age and set up a 55—65 year-old flexible retirement age system.