湖南省农村雷电灾害防治关键技术研究与应用示范

Research and application demonstration of key technology of lightning disaster prevention in rural areas of Hunan province

以提高农村雷电灾害防御科技水平为目标,分析了湖南省雷电灾害发生规律,创建了农村雷电灾害防御关键技术指标及综合防御技术方法,研制发布了国家强制性标准,成功开展了雷电灾害综合防御技术应用与示范。取得的创新性成果如下:①确定了农村民居防雷建筑物的雷击次数下限值的国家标准以及相应的设计施工技术要点;②提出了对称不等间距四极法为测量土壤电阻率的首选方法并申请了专利,更能反映自然土壤实际分层情况,更具稳定性,准确性更高;③绘制了长沙市大区域土壤电阻率分布,研发了分析软件,分析得出土壤电阻率值与降水量呈明显正相关;④运用仿真树、应急避难场所、单栋农村民居防雷设施等综合防雷设施建设技术,创建了雷暴路径拦截的区域性防护体系,创立了湖南省农村全方位、立体式区域防雷减灾的新模式。

To improve the level of rural lightning disaster prevention science and technology as the goal,the lightning disasters were analysed in Hunan province.Key technical indexes and comprehensive technical methods for rural lightning disaster prevention had been established.National mandatory standards had been developed and issued.And the application and demonstration of comprehensive lightning disaster prevention technology had been successfully carried out.The following innovative results were obtained:①The national standard for the lower limit of lightning strike frequency of rural residential lightning protection buildings and the corresponding key points of design and construction technology were determined;②The symmetrical unequal spacing quadrupole method was proposed as the preferred method to measure the soil resistivity and a patent was applied,which can better reflect the actual stratification of natural soil and was more stable and more accurate;③The distribution map of soil resistivity in Changsha region was drawn,and the analysis software was developed.It was found that the soil resistivity value was significantly positively correlated with precipitation;④Integrated lightning protection facilities construction technologies,such as simulation trees,emergency shelters and single rural residential lightning protection facilities were used to create a regional protection system for thunderstorm path interception,and a new all-round and three-dimensional regional lightning protection and disaster reduction model in rural Hunan province was established.