比较法视野下我国《深海法》的立法缺失及其未来完善

A Comparative Study on the Law of the People s Republic of China on the Exploration and Exploitation of Resources in Deep Seabed Area:Deficiencies of the Legislation and Its Improvement in the Future

制定规范深海海底区域资源勘探开发活动的国内法律法规是《联合国海洋法公约》为担保国确立的担保义务的重要内容。目前我国已形成以《深海法》为基础、以国家海洋局发布的各项行政规章为补充的深海海底区域资源勘探开发立法体系。通过与其他国家国内立法相比较,我国《深海法》仍存在着活动主体范围规定不明确、担保国义务与责任内容模糊、海洋环境保护规定较为原则、争议解决方式规定缺失等诸多问题。我国可在吸收国外先进立法经验以及追踪国际最新立法趋势的基础上,不断丰富和细化《深海法》的内容,构建和完善我国深海海底区域资源勘探开发法律体系,从而为我国公民、法人和其他组织从事“区域”内资源开发活动提供明确的法律依据和保障。

It is an important content of the guarantee obligation established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for the sponsoring states to formulate the domestic laws and regulations regulating the exploration and exploitation of resources in the deep seabed area.At present,China has formed a legislative system for the exploration and exploitation of deep seabed resources based on the Deep Sea Law and supplemented by various administrative regulations issued by the State Oceanic Administration.Compared with the domestic legislation of foreign countries,there are still many problems in China s deep sea law,such as too unclear scope of activity subject,vague obligations and responsibilities of sponsoring states,quite general provision on marine environmental protection,and lack of provisions on dispute resolution.On the basis of absorbing foreign advanced legislative experience and tracking the latest international legislative trend,China can continuously enrich and refine the content of the Deep Sea Law,and build and improve the legal system of resource exploration and exploitation in the deep sea area of China,so as to provide a clear legal basis and guarantee for Chinese citizens,legal persons and other organizations to engage in resource development activities in the area.