朱熹理学与日本“合理主义”——从源了圆《日本的合理主义》谈起

Zhuxi’s Neo-Confucianism and Japanese Rationalism:In the Case of Yuanliaoyuan’s Japanese Rationalism

源了圆认为朱熹的“理”观念是日本“合理主义”形成的诱因:“无极而太极”之“理”具备道德性格,演绎出“思辨的合理主义”;基于“理在气先、理气不离”的“格物致知”生发出“经验的合理主义”。随着西学援引,由“格物致知”生发的“经验合理主义”逐渐成为日本“合理主义”的主导,并由此助推自然科学的高速发展,政治生活中的忠于天皇、武士之勇、“达成目标”等价值坚守;伦理道德上消解朱熹理学中的“敬”,确立自然性情的合法地位,强调出于主体心情自然流露的行为即是道德的行为,摒弃伦理法则的客观性,还伦理于俗事生活。以源了圆为代表的日本学者从文化比较视角对日本文化所作的致思在内容、方法与视野上均对我们解析儒学现代价值及其转型具有重要的参考价值。

Yuanliaoyuan held that Zhu Xi’s concept of "idea" is the cause of Japanese Rationalism, because on one hand the "idea" in "from infinity to ultimacy" shows moral feature, giving rise to "dialectical ration"and on the other hand the "seeking knowledge"is based on the concept that "atmosphere is before idea and both are inseparable", bringing about"experiential ration". With the introduction to western studies,the above second concept gradually became the mainstream of Japanese Rationalism and pushed forward the scientific development to a great extent.The Japanese Rationalism also held other principles as follows: the loyalty to the emperor, the bravery of a samurai and "achieving the goal" became persistent values;the"piety" in Zhu Xi’s ideas is disintegrated and natural emotion was emphasized instead, confirming that the action out of subject’s natural flowing is a moral action;the objectivity of ethic principles were discarded and the secular living with related ethics was proposed. The reflection on Japanese culture from the perspective of cultural comparison, with such scholar as Yuanliaoyuan as representative, has valuable reference meaning for our analysis on modern Chinese Confucianism and its transformation, either in content and methods or in view of reflection.