江盈科与明清之际诗坛的转向

Jiang Yingke and the Repercussions of the Poetry Circles between the Ming and Qing Dynasties

江盈科是明代万历年间公安诗派的重要成员,他的诗歌理论主要反映在《雪涛诗评》中。在复古诗论关于“宋无诗”的主张尚影响着万历诗坛的时候,江盈科以书写性灵、表现诗人的真情性、给读者以纯真的情趣,批判复古诗论唯汉唐是崇、是法的主张,纠正弥漫在诗坛上的描摹刻板的恶习,为万历诗坛吹进了一股清新之风,支持着“性灵”诗论的建立。出于历史的原因,他及公安派理论在晚明虽未能以自己的旗帜彰显于世,但在明清,尤其是晚明学者的著作中还是时时发生着影响,其关于“真诗”的主张,更是融注到万历以后各学派的著作里。

Jiang Yingke was an important member of the Gong’an Poetry School during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and his poetic theory could be found in the book Xuetao Poetic Review. When the retro poetic idea of "there’s no poetry in Song Dynasty" still influenced the poetic world in Wanli period, Jiang Yingke criticized the idea, which also insists that only the poetry of Han and Tang dynasties should be respected, by way of writing on the spirit to express the poet’s true feelings and giving the reader pure innocence emotion. He corrected the bad habits that pervade the poetic world at that time and supported the establishment of the "spiritual" poetic theory, bringing a fresh taste to the poetic circle at that time. For some historical reasons, the theory of Jiang and the Gong’an Poetry School have not been able to manifest themselves in the late Ming, but in the works of scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the late Ming, there’s still an influence shown by them on"true poetry" which is even more influential in the works of various schools after the period of Wanli.