粤港澳大湾区水污染治理研究:现实困境、域外经验及修补路径

Research on Water Pollution Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:Realistic Dilemma,Extraterritorial Experience and Repair Path

粤港澳大湾区企业的密集建立、城镇的规模扩张、经济的快速发展,也产生了一系列严重的水污染问题。水污染治理是新时代坚持可持续发展道路、贯彻生态文明理念、落实党的十九大精神、推进美丽中国建设的重大战略举措。目前大湾区的水污染治理,呈现出治理设施薄弱化、治理目标差异化、治理方案任意化和治理体系简单化的特点。作为发展起步较早、治理经验较多的世界三大湾区,东京湾区、纽约湾区和旧金山湾区在水污染治理上采取了设立统一机构发挥协调功能、制定法律提供法制保障、重视社会力量健全治理体系等一系列有效措施。大湾区的水污染治理是一个复杂性、长期性和系统性的问题,应当结合自身特点和长远规划来借鉴这些成功经验,进一步加强城市污水处理的基础设施建设、完善大湾区水污染的协同治理机制、健全大湾区水污染的多元治理体系,为大湾区早日建设成为主导世界经济格局的又一主流湾区创造良好生态环境条件。

The intensive establishment of enterprises,the expansion of cities and towns,and rapid economic development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have created a series of serious water pollution problems.Water pollution control is a major strategic move in the new era to adhere to the path of sustainable development,implement the concept of ecological civilization,fulfill the spirit of the 19th C.P.C National Congress,and promote the construction of a beautiful China.At present,the water pollution control in the Greater Bay Area is characterized by weak governance facilities,differentiated governance targets,arbitrary governance schemes,and simplified governance systems.As the world’s three major bay areas with an earlier start and more governance experience,the Tokyo Bay,the New York Bay,and the San Francisco Bay have adopted a series of effective measures for water pollution control,such as unifying the coordination function of institutions,formulating laws to provide legal guarantees,and attaching importance to social forces to improve the governance system.Water pollution control in the Greater Bay Area is a complex,long-term and systemic issue.We should learn from these successful experiences in combination with our own characteristics and long-term planning,further strengthen the infrastructure construction of urban sewage treatment,improve the collaborative governance mechanism for water pollution in the Greater Bay Area,and perfect the multi-governance system for water pollution in the Greater Bay Area.In this way,we will create good ecological environment conditions for the early construction of the Greater Bay Area into another mainstream Bay Area which can dominate the world’s economic structure.