贵州山地高效高产粮饲兼用型玉米品种的筛选

Selection of Maize Varieties with High Yield and Efficiency in Guizhou Mountainous Area

为贵州山地高效高产兼用玉米品种选育提供理论支撑,选取黔单16、贵卓玉9号、金玉818(贵州种植面积较广)、毕玉7号、贵单8和盛农3号6个粮饲兼用玉米品种为研究对象,分析6个玉米品种在肥料投入一致条件下的产量、主要性状、籽粒养分吸收量、肥料偏生产力及经济效益。结果表明:6个品种玉米籽粒产量为8221~10146 kg/hm^2,盛农3号籽粒产量显著高于其他品种,黔单16、毕玉7号、贵单8号和盛农3号较金玉818玉米籽粒产量分别增产0.39%、10.45%、10.07%和23.9%;6个品种玉米秸秆产量(干重)在4366~7821 kg/hm^2,品种间差异明显,以贵卓玉9号玉米秸秆产量(干重)最高;盛农3号与其他品种相比,其株高、穗长及穗粗等性状均处于最优水平,籽粒全氮和全钾吸收量较优,氮肥和肥料偏生产力、净产值及产投比均最大,可推荐为贵州省黔西县山地减肥增效粮饲兼用型玉米主推品种。

In order to provide theoretical support for the breeding of high-efficiency and high-yield maize varieties in Guizhou mountainous area,six grain and forage maize varieties,Qiandan 16,Guizhuoyu 9,Jinyu 818(large planting area in Guizhou),Biyu 7,Guidan 8 and Shengnong 3,were selected to explore their performances in yield,main characteristics,nutrient absorption of grains,fertilizer partial productivity and economic benefits under the same fertilizer input conditions.Results:The grain yield of the six maize varieties ranged in 8221-10146 kg/hm^2,of which Shengnong 3 was significantly higher than other varieties.Compared with Jinyu 818,Qiandan 16,Biyu 7,Guidan 8,and Shengnong 3 increased by 0.39%,10.45%,10.07%and 23.9%,respectively;The maize stalk yield(dry weight)of the six varieties ranged in 4366-7821 kg/hm^2,with obvious differences among the varieties.The stalk yield(dry weight)of Guizhuoyu 9 was the highest;Compared with other varieties,Shengnong 3 had the best characteristics such as plant height,ear length and ear diameter.The grain total nitrogen and total potassium absorption were better,nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizer partial productivity,net output value and output-input ratio were the largest.It can be recommended as the main grain and forage maize variety with high yield and efficiency in the mountainous region of Qianxi County,Guizhou Province.