国际商事合同中的经济制裁条款效力研究

Eff ect of the Economic Sanctions Clause in International Commercial Contract

近年来,联合国、欧盟、美国等越来越频繁地对一些国家和机构实施严厉的经济制裁,给国际商事交易带来了很多不确定风险。这些经济制裁措施通常是禁止有关国家的公司和自然人向有关国家提供特定商品和服务。由于商事交易的全球化,交易商很难保证自己的交易伙伴不会卷入与受制裁国的交易,从而使自己遭受惩罚。为了避免这种风险,一些交易商在合同中增加了经济制裁条款,主要目的是要求合同对方不得卷入与受制裁国之间的交易,否则将承担合同所有责任。从国际私法角度看,这种经济制裁条款是否具有效力,取决于法院地、合同准据法和制裁来源的不同而有所不同。在国际交易中,当事人在合同中设置经济制裁条款时,应妥善地选择争端解决方式和解决地,并合理选择合同适用的法律。

The use of sanctions clause has become a problematic issue in international business.Sanctions are imposed by the United Nations,USA and the EU.Sanctions may prohibit dealings with specifi c countries,persons,ships,aircraft or goods especially with respect to import and export licensing of technology or controlled goods.The enforceability of sanctions clauses is a question to be decided by courts or national regulators or administrative agencies and is not an issue that can be addressed by rules of business practice.Traders that operate in different countries and jurisdictions are often subject to many conflicting regulatory requirements and therefore face legal risks.They shall choose a more favorable forum and applicable law in their contracts.