基于高兼容和可重复使用的回收舱设计

Design of the Reclaim Capsule Based on High Compatibility and Reusable

回收舱的设计决定了可重复使用卫星回收载荷的能力和重复使用能力,传统返回式卫星回收舱存在着陆冲击大、回收载荷质量低且无重复使用的设计措施、对不明确载荷适应性差,以及研制周期较长且成本高等缺点。文章针对传统回收舱存在的问题进行了深入研究,在等比放大回收舱的基础上,通过增加缓冲气囊、载荷模块化设计、舱体功能化设计、合理布局构型和优化回收舱设备配置等手段,设计了对载荷兼容性高、着陆冲击小、回收载荷质量大且可重复使用比率高的回收舱。结果表明:回收舱采用降落伞减速加气囊缓冲着陆的方式能有效降低着陆冲击,载荷模块化设计增强了对不明确载荷的兼容性,舱体模块化设计满足了回收后的快速重构,这既有利于质量特性控制、提高载荷回收率和可重复使用率,又有利于降低研制成本并缩短研制周期。

The design of the reclaim capsule determines the weight of the recover load and the reuse capability.The traditional reclaim capsule has disadvantages such as large landing impact,low recovery load weight,nonreusable design measures,poor adaptability to ambiguous loads,long development cycle,the high cost and so on.In this paper,the problems of traditional reclaim are studied in depth.By buffer airbags and load modular design,with functional design of the capsule,reasonable configuration layout and optimized configuration of the recovery equipments,a reclaim capsule with high compatibility,low impact of landing,heavy recovered load and high reusability ratio is designed.The results show that the reclaim capsule adopts parachute deceleration plus airbag cushion landing can effectively reduce the landing impact.The load modularization can be highly compatible with unclear loads.The modular design of the capsule can meet the rapid reconstruction after recovery.All these measures are beneficial for the control of mass property,increasing the proportion of recovered load and reuse equipments,and also beneficial to reduce development costs and shorten the development cycle.