香菇9608与一株野生香菇单双杂交及优良杂交菌株筛选

Single-double cross hybridization between Lentinula edodes 9608 and a wild strain and selection of excellent hybrid strains

[目的]通过杂交选育出菇早、产量高、菇形好、硬度大的香菇优良菌株。[方法]以香菇9608和野生香菇菌株FP作为杂交亲本,经单孢分离获取9608不同核相的单核菌株,与野生香菇菌株进行单双杂交,获得杂交菌株,对其进行常规栽培,测定农艺性状,筛选优良菌株。[结果](1)27株杂交菌株的菌丝生长速率、菌落长势及生长指数差异显著(P<0.05),仅1株生长指数大于2个亲本,有10株生长指数处于2个亲本之间;(2)有24株杂交菌株正常出菇,其子实体形成时间及温度差异较大,19株杂交菌株的子实体形成时间比双亲短,其子实体形成温度均高于2个亲本,其中8株于60 d内形成子实体;(3)不同菌株的产量差异显著,有16株子实体产量超过双亲;(4)成菇数量、单菇质量及菇形差异较大,其中D97FP的成菇数量最多,D106FP和D81FP单菇质量优于亲本,D111FP的菌盖厚度最大,D170FP菌盖直径最大,D21FP的菌柄最短,D178FP菌柄直径最小;(5)不同菌株的菌盖硬度差异显著,18株杂交菌株中,有17株菌盖硬度大于亲本;(6)D100FP和D97FP的选择指数较大,并且与亲本均有拮抗现象。[结论]本研究采用的育种方法有效,筛选优良菌株的手段具有一定的合理性,筛选出的优良菌株(D100FP和D97FP)具备出菇早、产量高、硬度大等诸多优点,可为香菇生产及菌种选育提供良好的材料。

[Objective]Present study was conducted to breed and select new Lentinula edodes strains with early fruiting,high yield,good morphology and high quality.[Methods]In this study,the local variety of L.edodes 9608 and wild strain FP were selected as the hybrid parents,and 9608 mononuclear strains with different nuclear phases were obtained by single spore isolation method.Mono-dikaryon hybridization was performed with wild L.edodes strains,and 27 hybrid strains were obtained which were routinely cultivated,and their agronomic traits were measured and screened.[Results](1)The mycelial growth rate,colony growth trends and growth indexes of 27 hybrid strains were significantly different(P<0.05).Only one strain had a growth index greater than parents,and 10 hybrid strains had growth indexes between two parents.(2)There were 24 hybrid strains that produced fruit normally,and their fruit body formation time and temperature were fairly different.There were 19 out of 24 hybrid strains displayed shorter fruit body formation time than that of their parents,and eight strains of which fruited within 60 days.The fruit body formation temperature of mentioned 19 strains was higher than that of the two parents,(3)The yield of different strains was significantly different,and 16 hybrid strains produced more fruit of single-bag yield than that of their parents.(4)The number of mushroom fruits,the quality and shape of single fruit were quite different.Among them,D97 FP formed the largest number of fruit.Fruit of D106 FP and D81 FP had better quality than their parents;D111 FP produced the fruits with largest pileus thickness,and the pileus diameter of D170 FP was the largest,while fruits of D21 FPhad the shortest stipe and that of D178 FP had the smallest stipe diameter.(5)The pileus hardness of different strains was significantly different.Among the 18 hybrid strains,17 had greater pileus hardness than that of the parents.(6)Strains D100 FP and D100 FP had a large selection index,and both had antagonistic function with their parents.[Conclusion]The breeding method used in this study was proved to be effective,and the method adopted to screen excellent strains was feasible.Selected excellent strains(D100 FP and D97 FP)had many advantages such as early fruiting,great yield,and high hardness,which could be used for the production and breeding of new varieties of L.edodes.